Everything about Hand Foot And Mouth Disease totally explained
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a human
syndrome caused by intestinal viruses of the
Picornaviridae family. The most common strains causing HFMD are
Coxsackie A virus and
Enterovirus 71 (EV71).
HFMD usually affects infants and children, and is quite common. It is highly contagious and is spread through direct contact with the mucus, saliva, or feces of an infected person. It typically occurs in small epidemics in nursery schools or kindergartens, usually during the summer and autumn months. The usual incubation period is 3-7 days.
It is extremely uncommon in adults; however, still a possibility. Most adults have strong enough immune systems to defeat the virus, but those with
immune deficiencies are very susceptible. HFMD isn't to be confused with
foot-and-mouth disease (also called hoof-and-mouth disease), which is a disease affecting sheep, cattle, and swine, and which is unrelated to HFMD (but also caused by a member of the Picornaviridae family).
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms of HFMD include:
The common incubation period (the time between infection and onset of symptoms) is from three to seven days.
Early symptoms are likely to be
fever followed by a
sore throat. Loss of appetite and general
malaise may also occur. Between one and two days after the onset of fever, painful sores (
lesions) may appear in the mouth and/or throat. A rash may become evident on the hands, feet, and occasionally the buttocks. Not all symptoms will be present in all cases.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease. Individual symptoms, such as fever, lameness, and pain from the sores, may be eased with the use of medication. HFMD is a viral disease that has to run its course; many doctors don't issue medicine for this illness, unless the infection is severe. Infection in older children, adolescents, and adults is normally very mild and lasts around 3 days or sometimes less. Fever reducers will help to control high temperatures. Luke-warm baths will also help bring temperature down.
Only a very small minority of sufferers require hospital admission, mainly as a result of
neurological complications (
encephalitis,
meningitis, or
acute flaccid paralysis) or
pulmonary edema/
pulmonary hemorrhage.
Help the children to beat the onset of HFMD by regularly monitoring their personal water drinking.
For every one kilogram of the child'd body weight, use 31.42 milliliter of water. And use 1/4 teaspoon of sea salt for every 1250 ml of water used. Regularity and quantity are the keywords to prevent dehydration to estanblish in their body system.
Recorded outbreaks
In 1997, 34 children died in an outbreak in Sarawak, Malaysia.
In 1998, there was an outbreak in Taiwan, affecting mainly children. There were 405 severe complications, and 78 children died. The total number of cases in that epidemic is estimated to have been 1.5 million..
In 2006, after an outbreak of Chikungunya in southern and some western parts of India, cases of HFMD were reported.
2007
April 15–21: 688 reported cases in Singapore.
May 30: Over 30 reported cases in the Maldives.
2008
An outbreak in China, beginning in March in Fuyang, Anhui, lead to 25,000 infections, and 42 deaths, by May 13th.. Similar outbreaks were reported in Singapore (more than 2,600 cases as of April 20th, 2008), and Mongolia (1,600 cases).Further Information
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